Kubernetes 1.29.0基于Docker部署
一、Kubernetes集群节点准备
1.1 主机操作系统说明
| 序号 | 操作系统及版本 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | CentOS7u9 |
1.2 主机硬件配置说明
| 需求 | CPU | 内存 | 硬盘 | 角色 | 主机名 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 值 | 8C | 8G | 1024GB | master | k8s-master01 |
| 值 | 8C | 16G | 1024GB | worker(node) | k8s-worker01 |
| 值 | 8C | 16G | 1024GB | worker(node) | k8s-worker02 |
1.3 主机配置
1.3.1 主机名配置
由于本次使用3台主机完成kubernetes集群部署，其中1台为master节点,名称为k8s-master01;其中2台为worker节点，名称分别为：k8s-worker01及k8s-worker02
master节点
# hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master01
worker01节点
# hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-worker01
worker02节点
# hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-worker02
1.3.2 主机IP地址配置
k8s-master01节点IP地址为：192.168.10.160/24
# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO="none"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="ens33"
DEVICE="ens33"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR="192.168.10.160"
PREFIX="24"
GATEWAY="192.168.10.2"
DNS1="119.29.29.29"
k8s-worker01节点IP地址为：192.168.10.161/24
# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO="none"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="ens33"
DEVICE="ens33"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR="192.168.10.161"
PREFIX="24"
GATEWAY="192.168.10.2"
DNS1="119.29.29.29"
k8s-worker02节点IP地址为：192.168.10.162/24
# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO="none"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="ens33"
DEVICE="ens33"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR="192.168.10.162"
PREFIX="24"
GATEWAY="192.168.10.2"
DNS1="119.29.29.29"
1.3.3 主机名与IP地址解析
所有集群主机均需要进行配置。
# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.10.160 k8s-master01
192.168.10.161 k8s-worker01
192.168.10.162 k8s-worker02
1.3.4 防火墙配置
所有主机均需要操作。
关闭现有防火墙firewalld
# systemctl disable firewalld
# systemctl stop firewalld
或
# systemctl disable --now firewalld
查看firewalld状态
# firewall-cmd --state
not running
1.3.5 SELINUX配置
所有主机均需要操作。修改SELinux配置需要重启操作系统。
# sed -ri 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
# sestatus
1.3.6 时间同步配置
所有主机均需要操作。最小化安装系统需要安装ntpdate软件。
# crontab -l
0 */1 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time1.aliyun.com
1.3.7 升级操作系统内核
所有主机均需要操作。
导入elrepo gpg key
# rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
安装elrepo YUM源仓库
# yum -y install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-4.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
安装kernel-ml版本，ml为长期稳定版本，lt为长期维护版本
# yum --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" -y install kernel-lt.x86_64
设置grub2默认引导为0
# grub2-set-default 0
重新生成grub2引导文件
# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
更新后，需要重启，使用升级的内核生效。
# reboot
重启后，需要验证内核是否为更新对应的版本
# uname -r
1.3.8 配置内核路由转发及网桥过滤
所有主机均需要操作。
添加网桥过滤及内核转发配置文件
# cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF
加载br_netfilter模块
# modprobe br_netfilter
查看是否加载
# lsmod | grep br_netfilter
br_netfilter 22256 0
bridge 151336 1 br_netfilter
使其生效
# sysctl --system
1.3.9 安装ipset及ipvsadm
所有主机均需要操作。
安装ipset及ipvsadm
# yum -y install ipset ipvsadm
配置ipvsadm模块加载方式
添加需要加载的模块
# cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack
EOF
授权、运行、检查是否加载
# chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack
1.3.10 关闭SWAP分区
修改完成后需要重启操作系统，如不重启，可临时关闭，命令为swapoff -a
永远关闭swap分区，需要重启操作系统
# cat /etc/fstab
......
# /dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
在上一行中行首添加#
二、Docker-ce及cri-dockerd准备
2.1 Docker安装YUM源准备
使用阿里云开源软件镜像站。
# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
2.2 Docker安装
# yum -y install docker-ce
2.3 启动Docker服务
# systemctl enable --now docker
2.4 修改cgroup方式
/etc/docker/daemon.json 默认没有此文件，需要单独创建
在/etc/docker/daemon.json添加如下内容
# cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
EOF
# systemctl restart docker
2.5 cri-dockerd安装
cri-dockerd安装
# wget https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd/releases/download/v0.3.8/cri-dockerd-0.3.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
# yum -y install cri-dockerd-0.3.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.service
修改第10行内容
ExecStart=/usr/bin/cri-dockerd --pod-infra-container-image=registry.k8s.io/pause:3.9 --container-runtime-endpoint fd://
# systemctl start cri-docker
# systemctl enable cri-docker
三、kubernetes 1.29.0 集群部署
3.1 集群软件及版本说明
| kubeadm | kubelet | kubectl | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 版本 | 1.29.0 | 1.29.0 | 1.29.0 |
| 安装位置 | 集群所有主机 | 集群所有主机 | 集群所有主机 |
| 作用 | 初始化集群、管理集群等 | 用于接收api-server指令，对pod生命周期进行管理 | 集群应用命令行管理工具 |
3.2 kubernetes YUM源准备
使用kubernetes社区YUM源
# cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/k8s.repo <<EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.29/rpm/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.29/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
#exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl cri-tools kubernetes-cni
EOF
3.3 集群软件安装
所有节点均可安装
默认安装
# yum -y install kubeadm kubelet kubectl
安装指定版本
# yum -y install kubeadm-1.29.0-150500.1.1 kubelet-1.29.0-150500.1.1 kubectl-1.29.0-150500.1.1
3.4 配置kubelet
为了实现docker使用的cgroupdriver与kubelet使用的cgroup的一致性，建议修改如下文件内容。
# vim /etc/sysconfig/kubelet
KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd"
设置kubelet为开机自启动即可，由于没有生成配置文件，集群初始化后自动启动
# systemctl enable kubelet
3.5 集群镜像准备
可使用VPN实现下载。
# kubeadm config images list --kubernetes-version=v1.29.0
# cat image_download.sh
#!/bin/bash
images_list='
镜像列表'
for i in $images_list
do
docker pull $i
done
docker save -o k8s-1-29-0.tar $images_list
3.6 集群初始化
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.29.0 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.10.160 --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
初始化过程输出
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.29.0
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master01 kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.10.160]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master01 localhost] and IPs [192.168.10.160 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master01 localhost] and IPs [192.168.10.160 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "super-admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 4.001643 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master01 as control-plane by adding the labels: [node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers]
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master01 as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: nnyedz.y3ajtpy468lmol2g
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join 192.168.10.160:6443 --token nnyedz.y3ajtpy468lmol2g \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:da611f922567238facd9c9557bd2e6b40d066b35567ca9696849f005dd15e646
3.7 集群应用客户端管理集群文件准备
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# ls /root/.kube/
config
3.8 集群网络插件部署 calico
使用calico部署集群网络
安装参考网址：https://projectcalico.docs.tigera.io/about/about-calico
应用operator资源清单文件
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.26.4/manifests/tigera-operator.yaml
通过自定义资源方式安装
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.26.4/manifests/custom-resources.yaml
修改文件第13行，修改为使用kubeadm init ----pod-network-cidr对应的IP地址段
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# vim custom-resources.yaml
......
11 ipPools:
12 - blockSize: 26
13 cidr: 10.244.0.0/16
14 encapsulation: VXLANCrossSubnet
......
应用资源清单文件
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create -f custom-resources.yaml
监视calico-sysem命名空间中pod运行情况
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# watch kubectl get pods -n calico-system
Wait until each pod has the
STATUSofRunning.
已经全部运行
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n calico-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
calico-kube-controllers-666bb9949-dzp68 1/1 Running 0 11m
calico-node-jhcf4 1/1 Running 4 11m
calico-typha-68b96d8d9c-7qfq7 1/1 Running 2 11m
3.9 集群工作节点添加
因容器镜像下载较慢，可能会导致报错，主要错误为没有准备好cni（集群网络插件），如有网络，请耐心等待即可。
[root@k8s-worker01 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.10.160:6443 --token nnyedz.y3ajtpy468lmol2g \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:da611f922567238facd9c9557bd2e6b40d066b35567ca9696849f005dd15e646 --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
[root@k8s-worker02 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.10.160:6443 --token nnyedz.y3ajtpy468lmol2g \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:da611f922567238facd9c9557bd2e6b40d066b35567ca9696849f005dd15e646 --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
四、 Kubernetes集群可用性验证
查看所有的节点
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master01 Ready control-plane 25m v1.29.0
k8s-worker01 Ready <none> 24m v1.29.0
k8s-worker02 Ready <none> 24m v1.29.0
查看集群健康情况
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get cs
Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-0 Healthy ok
查看kubernetes集群pod运行情况
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-76f75df574-9s28w 1/1 Running 0 25m
coredns-76f75df574-th5zf 1/1 Running 0 25m
etcd-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 0 26m
kube-apiserver-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 0 26m
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 0 26m
kube-proxy-gjw8d 1/1 Running 0 25m
kube-proxy-hpdnl 1/1 Running 0 25m
kube-proxy-l7x5f 1/1 Running 0 25m
kube-scheduler-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 0 26m
再次查看calico-system命名空间中pod运行情况。
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n calico-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
calico-kube-controllers-7488d78bb5-qdh68 1/1 Running 0 23m
calico-node-2wh6d 1/1 Running 0 23m
calico-node-cpb72 1/1 Running 0 23m
calico-node-llm79 1/1 Running 0 23m
calico-typha-5678bdcbbf-wtz6h 1/1 Running 0 23m
calico-typha-5678bdcbbf-zz6dj 1/1 Running 0 23m
csi-node-driver-7d8wb 2/2 Running 0 23m
csi-node-driver-l8rdb 2/2 Running 0 23m
csi-node-driver-rjbjn 2/2 Running 0 23m